A yeast infection, also known as vaginal candidiasis, is a common fungal infection that affects the vagina. It is caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans, which is normally present in the vagina in small amounts. However, when the balance of good and bad bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, Candida albicans can overgrow and cause symptoms.
Symptoms of a yeast infection include:
- Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva (the outer part of the female genitals)
- A burning sensation, especially during intercourse or urination
- Redness and swelling of the vulva
- Vaginal discharge that is thick, white, and odorless, resembling cottage cheese
- Pain or soreness during sex
Risk factors for yeast infections include:
- Taking antibiotics, which can kill off the good bacteria that help keep Candida albicans in check
- Having a weakened immune system
- Using high-dose steroids
- Douching
- Wearing tight-fitting clothing or underwear made of synthetic fabrics
- Having diabetes
- Being pregnant
Yeast infections are not considered sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but they can be passed from a mother to her baby during childbirth.
Diagnosing a yeast infection
To diagnose a yeast infection, a doctor will typically perform a pelvic exam and take a sample of vaginal discharge for testing. The sample may be examined under a microscope or sent to a lab for further testing.
Treating a yeast infection
Yeast infections are usually treated with over-the-counter antifungal medications, which are available in the form of creams, suppositories, or tablets. In some cases, prescription-strength antifungal medication may be necessary.
Preventing yeast infections
There are a number of things you can do to help prevent yeast infections, including:
- Keeping the vagina clean and dry
- Wearing loose-fitting cotton underwear
- Avoiding douching
- Avoiding scented soaps and feminine hygiene products
- Practicing safe sex
- Eating a healthy diet
- Maintaining a healthy weight
If you think you have a yeast infection, it is important to see a doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the infection from worsening and can help you get relief from your symptoms quickly.